Current Issue : October-December Volume : 2022 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
As a freely available energy source for managing long-term issues in energy crisis, solar energy (SE) will have to grow more to meet world’s energy demands. Maghreb countries have launched international tenders for large-scale solar power projects, confirming north African countries’ goals to become green-power leaders, by enforcing renewable energy development policies. This work is aimed at simulating and designing a SE cooler to safely store quality and tasty dates. By optimizing the storage parameters and cooling gas with less energy consumption, R152a has been confirmed as a reliable refrigerant to own high critical temperature, sufficient specific heat capacity, and potential cost-effectiveness of compression. Safe packaging in Tolga-Algeria-Dates food company can be achieved by safe cooling systems that is aimed at wide variation of energy storage and delivery requirements of the manufacturing process. The performance ratio (PR) and energy losses have been analyzed by using the PVsyst software. The paper is also aimed at studying load requirements of an SE cooler of dates, designing/installing a standalone solar PV system, and modeling the refrigerant gas of the SE cooler, done with INTARCON software and SOLKANE refrigerant software program. PR and loss analysis has been done using PVsyst. Total amounts of yearly energy injected into grid and nominal PV array energy are estimated to be, respectively, 84.536 and 85.861 MWh, while total yearly losses of the system are estimated to be 15.5 MWh. It reveals that the PV system efficiency set from ~10% in winter to 11.3% in summer, while PR rises from a 77.5% in July to 89.3% in December. Future research will design of energy consumption monitoring of the PV system, favoring SE cooling of dates. Via PVsyst concrete realities of PV performance and insights for better operational monitoring were well understood....
Phenol is a recalcitrant anthropogenic compound whose presence has been reported in both wastewater and drinking water; human exposure to phenolic substances can lead to health problems. The degradation of phenol (measured as COD decrease) through solar heterogeneous photocatalysis with immobilized TiO2 was performed in two different reactors: a flat-plate reactor (FPR) and a compound parabolic collector (CPC). A 23 full factorial experimental design was followed. The variables were the presence of TiO2, H2O2 addition, and the type of reactor. Data were fitted to the pseudo-first-order reaction-rate-kinetics model. The rate constant for photocatalytic phenol degradation with 1 mM of H2O2 was 6.6 × 10−3 min−1 for the FPR and 5.9 × 10−3 min−1 in the CPC. The calculated figures of merit were analyzed with a MANCOVA, with UV fluence as a covariate. An ANCOVA showed that the type of reactor, H2O2 addition, or fluence had no statistically significant effect on the results, but there was for the presence of TiO2. According to the MANCOVA, fluence and TiO2 presence were significant (p < 0.05). The CPC was on average 17.4% more efficient than the FPR when it came to collector area per order (ACO) by heterogeneous photocatalysis and 1 mM H2O2 addition....
The anti-reflection film can effectively reduce the surface reflectivity of solar photovoltaics, increase the transmittance of light, and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The high refractive index coating is an important part of the anti-reflection film. However, the traditional metal oxide coating has poor stability and complicated processes. To address this issue, we prepared two organic high refractive index (HRI) photopolymers by modifying epoxy acrylic acid with 4,4-thiodibenzenethiol, which can be surface patterned by nanoimprinting to prepare antireflection coatings. As a result, two modified photopolymers with high refractive index (n > 1.63), high optical transmittance (T > 95%), and thermal stability (Tg > 100 ◦C) are obtained after curing. In particular, the diphenyl sulfide photopolymer modified by ethyl isocyanate acrylate has a refractive index up to 1.667 cured by UV light. Our work confirms that the organic HRI photopolymer can be obtained by introducing high molar refractive index groups, with potential to be applied as a PV cell power conversion efficiency material....
The hole transport layer (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs) plays an imperative role in boosting the cell’s performance. PEDOT: PSS is a conventional HTL used in OSCs owing to its high design cost and instability issues. It can be replaced with graphene oxide to increase the cell performance by overcoming instability issues. Graphene oxide (GO) has gained popularity in recent years for its practical use in solar energy due to its remarkable mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties. This work uses SCAPS-1D to examine the results of graphene oxide (GO)-based organic solar cells by giving a comparison between the performance of absorber layers and a GO-based HTL to see which absorber material interacts more strongly with GO. The absorber layer PBDB-T:ITIC paired with GO as HTL outperforms the other absorber layers due to its better optical and electrical characteristics. Numerical simulations are performed within the SCAPS software at various absorber layer thicknesses, defect densities, and doping values to assess the influence on device performance and efficiency. After cell optimization, the best efficiency of an improved OSC is found to be 17.36%, and the outcomes of the simulated OSC are referenced to the results of the experimentally implemented OSC. These results provide a possible future direction for developing GO-based OSCs with higher efficiency....
When calculating the position of the sun, earth’s motion can be assumed to be an ellipse if the accuracy of calculation is required to be 0.01 degrees. Then, Kepler’s equation can be applied from the mean anomaly of the sun at a specific time to calculate the true anatomy of the sun at the time, and the sun’s position can be calculated. The average absolute error of calculating the sun’s altitude and azimuth is only 0.04 and 0.06 mrad, respectively, which can meet the requirements of a concentrated solar tracking system. This method only needs to correct the length of the regression year and the near point year for every 100 years, so it can be used for a long time....
Loading....